Table of Contents

Table of Contents 

Preface …………………………………………………………………………………………… iii

Acknowledgment …………………………………………………………………………… v

PART I — THE VARIOUS SELVES………………………………………….. 1

Chapter 1 Building Identity: The Construction of the Self……………… 3

The Philosophical Construction of Self ………………………. 4

Test Yourself………………………………………………………………… 13

Chapter 2 Building Identity: The Social Self.………………………….. 17

Feral Children…………………………………………………………….. 18

The Social Construction of Self……………………………………. 19

Sociological Theories of the Self………………………………….. 20

Looking Glass Self……………………………………………………….. 20

Theory of Social Behaviorism……………………………………… 22

Dramaturgical Analysis……………………………………………….. 24

Test Yourself………………………………………………………………… 27

Chapter 3 Building Identity: The Self Embedded in Culture…………… 29

The Anthropological Construction of the Self……………… 31

Culture………………………………………………………………………… 31

Cultural Influences That Shape the Self……………………….. 32

Explanations on the Existence of Culture…………………….. 33

Mechanisms of Cultural Change…………………………………. 34

Different Ways of Accepting Culture:

Ethnocentrism, Xenocentrism

and Culture Shock……………………………………………….. 40

The Social Process of Culture: Assimilation,

Acculturation, Amalgamation……………………………… 41

Test Yourself………………………………………………………………… 45

Chapter 4 Building Identity: The Psychological Construction

of the Self……………………………………………………. 49

Theories of Self Development……………………………………… 52

Freud’s Psychosexual Theory……………………………………….. 52

Albert Bandura Social Cognitive Theory…………………….. 54

William James—The Self Process of Identification………. 57

The Real Self and Ideal Self………………………………………….. 57

What Is Then Real and Ideal Self………………………………… 57

The True and False Self……………………………………………….. 58

The Proactive and Agentic Self…………………………………… 59

Individualistic Vs Collective Self…………………………………. 61

Mutiple Selves……………………………………………………………… 61

Test Yourself………………………………………………………………… 65

PART II — DISCOVERING THE SELF.……………………………………… 69

Chapter 5 Discovering the Self: The Physical Self.……………………. 71

The Intellectual Self…………………………………………………….. 74

The Cultural Self…………………………………………………………. 75

The Aesthetic Self………………………………………………………… 75

Self-Esteem And Self-Concept…………………………………….. 76

Strategies For Increased Self-Esteem……………………………. 77

Self Awareness…………………………………………………………….. 77

Physical Self and Self-Consciousness…………………………… 78

Test Yourself………………………………………………………………… 81

Chapter 6 Discovering the Self: The Sexual Self.……………………… 85

The Sexual Self…………………………………………………………….. 86

Secondary Sex Characteristics…………………………………….. 87

Human Reproduction…………………………………………………. 90

The Erogenous Zones………………………………………………….. 92

Understanding Human Sexuality………………………………… 93

Basic Sexual Behavior………………………………………………….. 94

Homosexuality and Bisexuality……………………………………. 96

Understanding Human Responses………………………………. 98

What Turn People On…………………………………………………. 98

The Phases of Sexual Responses………………………………….. 99

Sexual Problems………………………………………………………….. 100

Sexually Transmitted Infections………………………………….. 102

Methods of Contraceptives………………………………………….. 103

Natural Methods…………………………………………………………. 103

Artificial Methods……………………………………………………….. 105

Love and Attachment: What Is Love……………………………. 107

Functions of Dating…………………………………………………….. 108

Types of Love………………………………………………………………. 109

Passionate Love…………………………………………………………… 109

Companionate Love…………………………………………………….. 110

Why Do People Fall In Love………………………………………… 112

Love and Attachment………………………………………………….. 114

Common Misconceptions About Love and Sex…………… 114

Love Myths…………………………………………………………………. 115

Sex Myths……………………………………………………………………. 122

Test Yourself………………………………………………………………… 135

Chapter 7 Discovering the Self: The Material/Economic Self.………… 139

Nature of Consumer Personality…………………………………. 142

Theories Relevant to Consumer Behavior……………………. 143

Personality Traits and Personality Style……………………….. 144

Test Yourself………………………………………………………………… 147

Chapter 8 Discovering the Self: The Spiritual Self…………………….. 151

The Spiritual Self…………………………………………………………. 153

What Is Then Religion…………………………………………………. 153

The Functions of Religion……………………………………………. 154

Techniques of Religion………………………………………………… 155

Logotherapy: Finding and Creating Meaning………………. 157

Test Yourself………………………………………………………………… 159

Chapter 9 Discovering the Self: The Political Self.……………………. 163

The Political Self………………………………………………………….. 164

Citizenship and Democracy………………………………………… 166

Citizen’s Rights and Responsibilities……………………………. 166

Who are the Citizens of the Philippines………………………. 167

Self and Politics…………………………………………………………… 169

Test Yourself………………………………………………………………… 171

Chapter 10 Discovering the Self: The Digital Self.……………………… 175

How Social Media Shape Youth’s Emotional Experiences 178

Positive Impact of Social Media to the Youth………………. 178

The Negative Impact of Social Media…………………………… 179

Forming Impression Management………………………………. 180

Test Yourself………………………………………………………………… 189

PART 3 — LEARNING AND CARING FOR THE SELF………………………. 195

Chapter 11 Learning and Caring for the Self: The Better Learner………. 197

The Better Learner………………………………………………………. 198

Function of Education ………………………………………………… 199

Learning to be Better Students…………………………………….. 200

Cognitive and Metacognitive of Learning……………………. 201

Metacognition Knowledge and Skills…………………………… 201

Managing One’s Own Learning…………………………………… 203

Self-Awareness as a Tool for Learning…………………………. 203

Self-Management as a Tool for Learning……………………… 206

Test Yourself………………………………………………………………… 211

Chapter 12 Learning and Caring for the Self: Goal Settings……………. 215

Searching for Goals……………………………………………………… 216

Setting Goals for Success…………………………………………….. 217

How Self-Efficacy Influence the Self…………………………….. 219

The Foundation of Goal Settings…………………………………. 220

Test Yourself………………………………………………………………… 221

Chapter 13 Learning and Caring for the Self:

Taking Charge of One’s Health……………………………… 225

Stress, Stressors and Responses……………………………………. 226

Definition of Stress……………………………………………………… 226

Sources of Stress………………………………………………………….. 228

Psychological Stress…………………………………………………….. 228

Coping with Stress………………………………………………………. 229

Test Yourself………………………………………………………………… 233

Chapter 14 The Filipino Identity: The Filipino’s Sense of the Self……… 237

The Filipino Roots………………………………………………………. 239

The Filipino Psychic Structure…………………………………….. 241

The Filipinos Social Life. The Filipinos as Merry-makers 244

The Filipino Family Goals and Aspirations………………….. 246

Test Yourself………………………………………………………………… 249