Table of Contents

Preface ………………………………………………………………………………………. iii

Chapters
1 Introduction to the Course: RA 1425 …………………………….. 1
Republic Act 1425 and Other Rizal Laws……………………… 7
Essentials of Studying Rizal………………………………………….. 8
Rizal as an American Sponsored Hero? ……………………….. 10
Rizal, Pioneer Asian Nationalist Leader ………………………. 11
Four Major Phase in the Life of our Hero…………………….. 12
Activity 1……………………………………………………………………. 13
Abstraction…………………………………………………………………. 13
Self-Assessment………………………………………………………….. 15

2 The Philippines in the 19th Century as Rizal’s Context. 19
The Global Context: The Three Great Revolutions
Industrial Revolution……………………………………………… 21
The French Revolution……………………………………………. 22
The American Revolution ………………………………………. 23
The Church in the 19th Century ………………………………….. 24
The Birth of Filipino Nationalism ………………………………… 25
Opening of the Philippines to World Trade …………………. 26
Rise of an Enlightened Middle Class……………………………. 26
The Spanish Revolution of 1868 …………………………………… 27
Opening of the Suez Canal (1869)……………………………….. 27
The Influx of Liberal Ideas……………………………………………. 28
The Cavite Mutiny of 1872 …………………………………………… 29
The Philippines and Spain of Rizal’s Times
in the 19th Century………………………………………………….. 31
The Philippines of Rizal’s Times in 1808 ………………………. 32
The Philippines of Rizal’s Times in 1810 ………………………. 32
The Philippines of Rizal’s Times in 1812 ………………………. 32
The Philippines of Rizal’s Times in 1833 ………………………. 32
Notable Asian People during the Time of Dr. Rizal………. 33
Activity 2……………………………………………………………………. 35
Abstraction…………………………………………………………………. 35
Self-Assessment………………………………………………………….. 37

3 Rizal’s Life: Family, Childhood and Early Education….. 41
Birth of the First Filipino……………………………………………… 43
Of Noble Ancestry……………………………………………………….. 44
The Ilustrado Family …………………………………………………… 45
Memories and Stories like No Other……………………………. 47
The Town That Inspires a Hero…………………………………….. 49
Many Splendid Talents…………………………………………………. 49
Rizal’s Early Informal Education………………………………….. 51
Precedent Event to the Ignatian Life…………………………….. 52
First Day in Biñan (1869–1871) …………………………………… 53
First School Brawl ……………………………………………………….. 54
Painting Lesson in Biñan……………………………………………… 54
Best Student in School …………………………………………………. 54
End of Schooling in Biñan …………………………………………… 54
Life and Studies at Ateneo (1872–1877)……………………….. 55
Jesuits System of Education………………………………………….. 55
First Year in Ateneo (1872–1873)…………………………………. 56
Second Year in Ateneo (1873–1874)…………………………….. 56
Third Year in Ateneo (1875–1875)……………………………….. 57
Fourth Year in Ateneo (1875–1876)……………………………… 57
Last Year in Ateneo (1876–1877) …………………………………. 57
Graduated with Highest Honors………………………………….. 58
Activity 3……………………………………………………………………. 61
Abstraction…………………………………………………………………. 61
Self-Assessment………………………………………………………….. 63

4 Rizal’s Life: Higher Education and Life Abroad……………. 67
Rizal’s First Trip to Abroad
Singapore ……………………………………………………………….. 69
Naples and Marseilles …………………………………………….. 69
Spain………………………………………………………………………. 70
Rizal in Paris, France………………………………………………. 71
Rizal in Madrid………………………………………………………. 71
Rizal in Berlin, Germany ……………………………………….. 72
Important Thing to Remember in Europe
Potsdam …………………………………………………………………. 72
Dresden………………………………………………………………….. 72
Leimeritz, Bohemia………………………………………………… 72
Prague ……………………………………………………………………. 73
Vienna……………………………………………………………………. 73
Geneva …………………………………………………………………… 73
Italy………………………………………………………………………… 73
First Homecoming ………………………………………………………. 73
Rizal’s Second Trip Abroad ………………………………………….. 74
Rizal’s Second Sojourn in Paris
and the Universal Exposition of 1889……………………… 76
Brussels, Belgium……………………………………………………. 77
Rizal Arrived in Madrid …………………………………………. 78
With the Bousted in Biarritz, France ………………………. 79
To Paris and Back to Brussels …………………………………. 79
Salient Point to Ponder before El Filibusterismo
Published in Ghent…………………………………………………. 79
Ophthalmic Surgeon in Hong Kong …………………………….. 80
Second Homecoming and the Liga Filipina………………….. 80
Fiscal Conditions of Liga Filipina ………………………………… 81
Last Trip Abroad………………………………………………………….. 81
Last Homecoming and Trial ………………………………………… 81

5 Rizal’s Life: Exile, Trial and Death ………………………………….. 83
Activities……………………………………………………………………… 85
Analysis……………………………………………………………………….. 87
Discussion …………………………………………………………………… 87
An Exile in Dapitan……………………………………………………… 87
All About Faith ……………………………………………………………. 88
The Awakening of Dapitan…………………………………………… 88
“El Último Viaje” …………………………………………………………. 96
A “Dangerous Filipino”………………………………………………… 96
Last Attempt to Save the Hero ……………………………………… 98
“Thrilla in Manila”……………………………………………………….. 98
“Fishing” Evidence ………………………………………………………. 99
The “Kangaroo Trial” …………………………………………………… 101
Alone in the Cell………………………………………………………….. 103
Last Masterpiece ………………………………………………………….. 103
Of Letters and Tears…………………………………………………….. 104
“To Die is to Rest” ……………………………………………………….. 107
Abstraction…………………………………………………………………. 111
Application…………………………………………………………………. 112
Self-Assessment………………………………………………………….. 113

6 Annotation of Antonio Morga’s Sucesos
de Las Islas Filipinas……………………………………………………. 117
Activity 6……………………………………………………………………. 119
Analysis………………………………………………………………………. 121
Discussion…………………………………………………………………… 121
Man of the Moment …………………………………………………….. 122
Same Book, Different Perspectives……………………………….. 124
Abstraction…………………………………………………………………. 127
Application…………………………………………………………………. 128

7 The Novels of a Genius *nipama* ……………………………………. 131
Essential Question……………………………………………………….. 132
A Brief History of the Two Novels……………………………….. 133
The Novelist’s Literary Characters ……………………………….. 134
The Characters of Noli Me Tangere ………………………………. 135
Noli Me Tangere …………………………………………………………… 136
The Characters of El Filibusterismo ……………………………… 138
El Filibusterismo ………………………………………………………….. 141
“Pen is Mightier than the Sword” – Edward Bulwer-Lyton,
1839 …………………………………………………………………………….. 144
Chapter Test ……………………………………………………………….. 147

8 The Phillippines in the 19th Century as Rizal’s Context…… 151
To the Young Women of Malolos…………………………………. 153
The Indolence of the Filipino
“La Indolencia de los Filipinos”………………………………. 161
The Global Context: The Three Great Revolutions
Industrial Revolution……………………………………………… 188
The French Revolution……………………………………………. 189
The American Revolution ………………………………………. 190
Activity 8……………………………………………………………………. 193

9 Jose Rizal and the Philippine Nationalism:
Bayani and Kabayanihan ………………………………………….. 199
Strategy ……………………………………………………………………….. 200
Bayani at Kabayanihan………………………………………………… 201
Dr. Jose Rizal ……………………………………………………………….. 201
Progressive Education………………………………………………….. 203
Social Entrepreneurship ………………………………………………. 203
Community Development …………………………………………… 204
Rizal Awakened the Mind and Perspective
of Filipinos towards Nationalism ……………………………. 204
Activity 9……………………………………………………………………. 207

10 Philippine Nationalism and National Symbols……………. 211
Philippine Nationalism………………………………………………… 213
What is Nationalism?…………………………………………………… 214
The Start of Filipino Nationalism (the 1760s–1820s)……. 214
Economy……………………………………………………………………… 215
Education…………………………………………………………………….. 216
Secularization Issue of Friars……………………………………….. 216
Opening of Philippines to World Commerce……………….. 217
The influx of Liberal Ideas……………………………………………. 218
Secularization Movement ……………………………………………. 218
Liberal Regime of De La Torre …………………………………….. 218
Cavite Mutiny………………………………………………………………. 219
GOMBURZA Execution ……………………………………………… 219
Executive Order No. 75, 1993 National Heroes
Committee Rizal as a National Hero ………………………. 220
Selection and Proclamation of National Heroes…………… 220
Findings and Recommendations
of the National Heroes Committee …………………………. 221
Criteria for National Heroes………………………………………… 221
Additional Criteria for Heroes……………………………………… 222
Historical Figures Recommended as National Heroes….. 222
Status of the Recommendations Submitted
by the National Heroes Committee ………………………… 222
Other Heroes……………………………………………………………….. 223
Other Historical Figures………………………………………………. 223
Philippine National Symbols………………………………………… 226
Analysis……………………………………………………………………….. 234
Application………………………………………………………………….. 235
Activity 10………………………………………………………………….. 237

Bibliography……………………………………………………………………………… 239