Table of Contents

UNIT I The Definition of the Self
from Various Perspectives.………………………………………… 1

Chapter 1 Who Am I? A Philosophical Journey
to Discovering the Self…………………………………………………… 2
Socrates …………………………………………………………………………. 5
Plato……………………………………………………………………………….. 6
St. Augustine of Hippo……………………………………………………. 6
Rene Descartes……………………………………………………………….. 7
John Locke……………………………………………………………………… 8
David Hume…………………………………………………………………… 9
Immanuel Kant………………………………………………………………. 10
Sigmund Freud………………………………………………………………. 11
Gilbert Ryle…………………………………………………………………….. 11
Paul Churchland…………………………………………………………….. 12
Maurice Merleau-Ponty………………………………………………….. 13
Summary……………………………………………………………………………… 13
#Keyword…………………………………………………………………………….. 14
References…………………………………………………………………………….. 15
Activity 1 Worksheet ……………………………………………………………. 19
Pop-up Questions Worksheet ………………………………………………. 20

Chapter 2 The Self as a Social Construct…………………………………………. 21
The Sociological and Anthropological View of the Self…………. 22
Introductory Exercise…………………………………………………………… 22
The Self as Embedded in Culture………………………………………….. 23
Mead’s Development Stages of the Self………………………………….. 28
Geertz and His Concept of the Self as an Unfinished Animal.. 29
The Self in the Western and Oriental Thought………………………. 30
The Self as a Product of the Modern World…………………………… 34
The Self(ie) Generation as Culture Creators………………………….. 35
The Self as Reflected in the Collectivist Teachings of Confucius 36
Summary……………………………………………………………………………… 37
#Keywords……………………………………………………………………………. 37
References…………………………………………………………………………….. 38
Pop-Up Questions Worksheet #1………………………………………….. 41
Worksheet #2……………………………………………………………………….. 43
Worksheet #3……………………………………………………………………….. 44
Worksheet #4……………………………………………………………………….. 46
Worksheet #5……………………………………………………………………….. 47
Worksheet #6……………………………………………………………………….. 48
Worksheet #7……………………………………………………………………….. 50
The Self as a Social Construct OBE Project…………………………… 51
chapter 3 The Psychological Self: My Favorite Mystery……………………. 53
Self/Self-Concept………………………………………………………………….. 54
Real and Ideal Selves…………………………………………………………….. 55
Self-Esteem and Self-Efficacy……………………………………………….. 59
Summary……………………………………………………………………………… 63
#Keywords……………………………………………………………………………. 63
References…………………………………………………………………………….. 64
Pop-up Questions 1-4 Worksheet 3………………………………………. 67
End of Chapter Worksheet……………………………………………………. 69

UNIT II Unpacking the Self…………………………………………………. 71

Chapter 4 The Physical Self…………………………………………………………… 72
Why Do I Look Like Myself?………………………………………………… 73
Cultural Standards of Beauty………………………………………………… 74
The Filipino Obsession with Beauty: The Case of Xander Ford 75
A Healthy Body Image, and Self-esteem in Peril…………………… 77
The Filtered Self……………………………………………………………………. 80
Celebrating Beauty in Diversity…………………………………………….. 80
You Are Who You Look! Embracing Your Physical Self………… 81
Summary……………………………………………………………………………… 81
#Keywords……………………………………………………………………………. 82
References…………………………………………………………………………….. 82
Pop-up Questions Worksheet #1…………………………………………… 85
Worksheet #2……………………………………………………………………….. 87
Worksheet #3……………………………………………………………………….. 89
chapter 5 The Sexual Self: Enter If You Dare…………………………………… 91
Development of Secondary Sex Characteristics…………………….. 94
Erogenous Zones………………………………………………………………….. 95
Understanding Human Sexual Response………………………………. 99
Diversity of Sexual Orientation…………………………………………….. 100
Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs)…………………………………. 102
Family Planning / Contraception………………………………………….. 104
Unit Summary……………………………………………………………………… 106
#Keywords……………………………………………………………………………. 106
References…………………………………………………………………………….. 107
Activity 1 Worksheet 1………………………………………………………….. 111
Pop-up Questions 1-5 Worksheet 2………………………………………. 112
Stop! and Go! Worksheet 3…………………………………………………… 114
chapter 6 Cogito Ergo Consume:
Consumer Culture and the Material Self…………………………. 117
The Material Self: Living in a Material World……………………….. 119
Best Buys: Consumer Culture and the Self……………………………. 120
I Saw the Sign: The Semiotics of Consumption…………………….. 122
Langue and Parole………………………………………………………………… 123
Denotation and Connotation……………………………………………….. 123
Anchorage and Relay……………………………………………………………. 124
How Do I Decide What to Buy?……………………………………………. 125
The Calvinist Principle…………………………………………………………. 127
The Marxist Perspective……………………………………………………….. 128
Commodity Fetishism………………………………………………………….. 128
Alienation…………………………………………………………………………….. 128
Unit Summary……………………………………………………………………… 130
#Keywords……………………………………………………………………………. 130
References…………………………………………………………………………….. 131
Pop-up Questions 1-5 Worksheet ………………………………………… 133
Pop-up Questions 6-10 Worksheet ………………………………………. 135
Activity 1 Worksheet ……………………………………………………………. 137
Activity 2 Worksheet ……………………………………………………………. 138
Activity 3 Worksheet ……………………………………………………………. 139
Activity 4 Worksheet ……………………………………………………………. 140
Activity 5 Worksheet ……………………………………………………………. 141
Activity 6 Worksheet ……………………………………………………………. 142
Activity 7 Worksheet ……………………………………………………………. 143
Final Activity………………………………………………………………………… 144

Chapter 7 The Spiritual Self…………………………………………………………… 145
Belief and Practices in Supernatural Being and Power………….. 147
The Practice of Religion………………………………………………………… 151
The Concept of Dungan- Spirit or Soul…………………………………. 153
Rituals and Ceremonies: Why do we do them? ……………………. 155
Religion, Magic and Witchcraft…………………………………………….. 156
Finding and Creating Meaning. …………………………………………… 158
Unit Summary……………………………………………………………………… 160
#KeyTerms……………………………………………………………………………. 160
References…………………………………………………………………………….. 161
OBE: Religious Understanding……………………………………………… 163
Activity 1 Worksheet ……………………………………………………………. 165
Pop-up Questions Worksheet …………………………………………….. 166

Chapter 8 The Political Self: The Filipino Citizen…………………………….. 169
Seeking the Filipino Identity…………………………………………………. 170
Historical background- Indio to Filipino………………………………. 171
Democracy- From Theirs To Ours………………………………………… 173
Perception of a Filipino’s Role in a Democratic Setting…………. 174
Filipino Citizenship vs Me, Family, Institution,
Cultural Citizenship……………………………………………………….. 177
Philippine Political Culture- A problem of variation…………….. 178
Movement Towards the Common Good. …………………………….. 180
Developing a Democratic Culture………………………………………… 183
Summary……………………………………………………………………………… 183
#Keywords……………………………………………………………………………. 183
References…………………………………………………………………………….. 184
OBE: Deconstructing the Philippine National Anthem…………. 185
Activity 1 Worksheet: the political self …………………………………. 187
Activity 2 Pop-up Questions Worksheet:………………………………. 188
chapter 9 The Virtual You: The Self in the Cyberspace ……………………. 189
The Other I: Love in the Time of Social Media……………………… 190
Reality as Abstraction…………………………………………………………… 192
Real-Life Reality…………………………………………………………………… 193
Simulation……………………………………………………………………………. 193
Augmented Reality……………………………………………………………….. 193
Virtual Reality………………………………………………………………………. 193
Hyperreality…………………………………………………………………………. 194
The Cyberself……………………………………………………………………….. 194
The Dramaturgy of the Self…………………………………………………… 195
The Elements of the Dramaturgical Self………………………………… 196
Identity Crisis: Anonymity and Pseudonymity
in the Cyberspace…………………………………………………………… 197
Anonymity…………………………………………………………………………… 198
Pseudoymity…………………………………………………………………………. 198
The Disinhibited Self…………………………………………………………….. 199
Online Disinhibition: The Causes…………………………………………. 201
Unit Summary……………………………………………………………………… 203
#Keywords……………………………………………………………………………. 203
References…………………………………………………………………………….. 204
Pop-up Questions 1-5 Worksheet ……………………………………….. 205
Pop-up Questions 6-7 Worksheet ………………………………………… 207
Activity 1 Worksheet: the virtual you …………………………………… 208
Activity 2 Worksheet: the virtual you……………………………………. 209
Activity 3 Worksheet: the virtual you …………………………………… 210
Activity 4 Worksheet: the virtual you …………………………………… 211
Activity 5 Worksheet: the virtual you …………………………………… 212
Activity 6 Worksheet: the virtual you …………………………………… 213
Final Activity ……………………………………………………………………….. 214

Unit III Managing and Caring for the Self………………………………….. 215

Chapter 10 Learning to be a Better Student:
Be the Best You Can Be………………………………………………….. 216
What Happens During Learning? Brain and Behavior Changes 218
Learning and Education……………………………………………………….. 221
Metacognition and Study Strategies……………………………………… 222
Managing Your Own Learning: Self-regulated Learning……….. 224
Unit Summary……………………………………………………………………… 228
#Keywords……………………………………………………………………………. 228
References…………………………………………………………………………….. 229
Activity 1 Worksheet 1………………………………………………………….. 231
Pop-up Questions 1-5 Worksheet 2………………………………………. 232
Learning “Understanding the Self” My Way –
Teaching Demo Worksheet 3………………………………………….. 234

Chapter 11 Managing and Caring for the Self
by Setting Goals for Success…………………………………………… 237
Why must we set goals? ……………………………………………………….. 239
Bandura’s Self Efficacy Theory………………………………………………. 240
Dweck’s Mindset…………………………………………………………………… 244
Locke’s Goal setting Theory
(Setting Goals for Life and happiness)…………………………….. 249
Goals……………………………………………………………………………………. 250
Goal Setting Theory …………………………………………………………….. 250
Summary …………………………………………………………………………….. 251
Key Terms…………………………………………………………………………….. 251
References…………………………………………………………………………….. 252
Project: OBE…………………………………………………………………………. 254
Activity 1: Setting Goals for Success …………………………………….. 255
Activity 2: Setting Goals for Success
pop-up questions worksheet ………………………………………….. 256

Chapter 12 Taking Charge of One’s Health:
I am in Control…………………………………………………………….. 259
Stress……………………………………………………………………………………. 261
Stressors……………………………………………………………………………….. 262
Responses to Stress……………………………………………………………….. 263
Sources of Coping and Strength……………………………………………. 265
Stress and Filipinos: The Social and Cultural Dimensions
of Stress………………………………………………………………………….. 267
Taking Care of Self……………………………………………………………….. 268
Unit Summary……………………………………………………………………… 270
#Keywords……………………………………………………………………………. 270
References…………………………………………………………………………….. 271
Activity 1 Worksheet 1………………………………………………………….. 272
Pop-up Questions 1-5 Worksheet 2…………………………………….. 273